What are Corneal Ulcers and Keratitis?
Corneal ulcers and keratitis are serious conditions that affect the eye’s cornea, which is the clear front surface of the eye. A corneal ulcer is an open sore on the cornea, often caused by infections, injuries, or underlying medical conditions. Keratitis, on the other hand, refers to inflammation of the cornea, which can also result from infections, environmental factors, or prolonged exposure to contact lenses.
Causes and Diagnosis
The main causes of corneal ulcers include bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. In some cases, a foreign object or injury can lead to an ulcer. Keratitis can stem from the same infectious agents, but it is often exacerbated by factors such as dry eyes or improper contact lens hygiene. Eye care professionals diagnose these conditions through a thorough eye examination and by assessing symptoms like redness, pain, and visual disturbances.
Treatment Options
Treatment for corneal ulcers and keratitis varies depending on the cause and severity. Antibiotic or antifungal eye drops are commonly prescribed to combat infections, while anti-inflammatory medications may be recommended to reduce pain and swelling. It’s crucial to follow your eye care provider’s guidance, as untreated corneal ulcers can lead to serious complications, including vision loss. Timely treatment not only alleviates symptoms but also promotes corneal healing.
Corneal ulcers and keratitis are serious eye conditions that can cause significant pain, vision loss, and even blindness.
Corneal Ulcers
A corneal ulcer is an open sore on the cornea, the clear dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. Corneal ulcers can be caused by:
- Bacterial infections: Such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Viral infections: Such as herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus.
- Fungal infections: Such as Candida and Aspergillus.
- Trauma: A corneal ulcer can occur after a traumatic injury to the eye.
- Contact lens use: Poor hygiene and improper use of contact lenses can increase the risk of developing a corneal ulcer.
Symptoms of a corneal ulcer may include:
- Severe eye pain
- Redness and inflammation
- Blurred vision
- Sensitivity to light
- Discharge or pus
Keratitis
Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea, which can be caused by:
- Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause keratitis.
- Trauma: A traumatic injury to the eye can cause keratitis.
- Dry eye: Chronic dry eye can increase the risk of developing keratitis.
- Contact lens use: Poor hygiene and improper use of contact lenses can increase the risk of developing keratitis.
Symptoms of keratitis may include:
- Eye pain
- Redness and inflammation
- Blurred vision
- Sensitivity to light
- Discharge or pus
Treatment
Treatment for corneal ulcers and keratitis depends on the underlying cause, but may include:
- Antibiotics: To treat bacterial infections.
- Antiviral medications: To treat viral infections.
- Antifungal medications: To treat fungal infections.
- Pain management: To manage eye pain and discomfort.
- Supportive care: To promote healing and prevent complications.
It is essential to seek medical attention immediately if you experience any symptoms of a corneal ulcer or keratitis, as prompt treatment can help prevent serious complications and promote healing.