What is Nephrotic Syndrome?
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that occurs when the kidneys lose too much protein through the urine. This condition is particularly concerning in children and can lead to various health issues if not addressed promptly. The excess protein loss can cause swelling (edema), high cholesterol, and other complications affecting a child’s overall health.
Causes and Symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome
In children, nephrotic syndrome can have different underlying causes. Some cases are primary, meaning the kidneys themselves are affected, while others may be secondary to underlying conditions like infections. Common symptoms include significant swelling around the eyes and in the legs, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Parents might notice their child has foamy urine or darker urine as well.
Management and Treatment Options
Management of nephrotic syndrome in children typically involves medication, dietary changes, and monitoring. Corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and protein leakage. A diet low in salt and saturated fats can help mitigate symptoms and improve kidney function. Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are crucial in managing this condition effectively and minimizing complications.
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease that affects children, causing their kidneys to release too much protein in the urine. This leads to symptoms such as swelling, particularly around the eyes, feet, and hands, as well as fatigue, loss of appetite, and foamy urine ¹.
The disease is characterized by four main symptoms:
- Proteinuria: Excess protein in the urine
- Hypoalbuminemia: Low levels of albumin in the blood
- Edema: Swelling in parts of the body
- Hyperlipidemia: High levels of cholesterol and other lipids in the blood
Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by various factors, including kidney diseases, infections, and genetic disorders. The most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children is minimal change disease, which accounts for about 80% of cases ¹.
Diagnosing nephrotic syndrome involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, urine tests, and blood tests. In some cases, a kidney biopsy may be necessary to determine the underlying cause of the disease ¹.
Treatment for nephrotic syndrome depends on the underlying cause and may include corticosteroids, immunosuppressive medications, and lifestyle changes such as a low-sodium diet and reduced fluid intake. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary ¹.
While there is no surefire way to prevent nephrotic syndrome, early diagnosis and treatment can help reduce the risk of complications and improve outcomes for affected children.